How is "dialect" defined in language studies?

In language studies, "dialect" is defined as a particular form of a language that is specific to a region or social group. This definition is crucial because it highlights the diversity within a language, illustrating how variations can arise due to geographical or social factors. Dialects can encompass differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and even grammar, reflecting the unique cultural and historical context of the speakers. Understanding dialects allows linguists and educators to appreciate the richness of language as it adapts to the lives and identities of its speakers.

The other definitions provided are distinct concepts that do not accurately represent what a dialect is. Universal grammar refers to the theoretical framework that suggests there are inherent principles shared across all languages. A standardized written form of language pertains to languages that have formalized rules and conventions, such as grammar and spelling. A technical language used in scientific contexts relates specifically to jargon or terminology used in specialized fields, which is not synonymous with the regional or social nuances found in dialects.